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1. Harry M. Benshoff and Sean Griffen, America on Film: Representing Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality at the Movies (Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2004), 33.
2. Benshoff and Griffen, 33.
3. Tom Gunning, "The Cinema of Attractions: Early Film, Its Spectator and the Avant-Garde," in Early Film, ed. Thomas Elsaesser and Adam Barker (British Film Institute, 1989).
4. Shelley Stamp, Movie-Struck Girls: Women and Motion Picture Culture After the Nickelodeon (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000), 3.
5. Benshoff and Griffen, 34.
6. Stamp, 31-32.
7. Encyclopedia Britannica Online, "Alice Guy-Blache," http://www.britannica.com/.
8. Encyclopedia Britannica Online, "Lois Weber," http://www.britannica.com/.
9. Benshoff and Griffen, 215.
10. Gwendolyn Audrey Foster, Women Film Directors: An International Bio-Critical Dictionary (Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995), 95.
11. Encyclopedia Britannica Online, "Dorothy Arzner," http://www.britannica.com/.
12. Karen W. Maher, Women Filmmakers in Early Hollywood (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), 180.
13. Slate from the movie "It," 1927.
14. Biograph Company, "Jeannie MacPherson," http://www.biographcompany.com/celebrity/macpherson.html.
15. Stamp, 102.
16. Stamp, 102.
17. Stamp, 125.
18. Stamp, 127-128.
19. Stamp, 129.
20. Benshoff and Griffin, 211.
21. Benshoff and Griffin, 213.
22. Dawn B. Sova, Women in Hollywood: From Vamp to Studio Head (New York: Fromm International, 1998), 59.
23. Donald Bogle, Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies and Bucks: An Interpretive History of Blacks in American Films (New York: Continuum Publishing Company, 1989), 33.
24. Graham Russell Gao Hodges, Anna May Wong: From Laundryman’s Daughter to Hollywood Legen. (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).
25. Joanne Hershfield, “Dolores Del Río, Uncomfortably Real: The Economics of Race in Hollywood’s Latin American Musicals,” in Classic Hollywood, Classic Whiteness, ed. Daniel Bernardi (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001), 141.
26. Hershfield.
27. Tim Dirks, “The Greatest Films,” http://www.filmsite.org.
Exhibit curated by Dr. Alison Landsberg at George Mason University (Film and Media Studies department) and written by NWHM interns Claire Love and Jen Pollack.
