Rose O’Neal Greenhow (1817 -1864)

• Spymaster and operative for the Confederate States of America; with her spy network, operated out of Washington, D.C.
• Socialite; hosted social gatherings for military and political leaders to secretly obtain intelligence.
• Wrote and sent coded messages concerning Federal troop movements, supplies, and military strategy.
• Secret communication she sent to General Pierre G.T. Beauregard helped the South win the First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run).
• Credited by Jefferson Davis for providing information that aided the Confederate victory at First Manassas.
• Arrested and imprisoned in her home by Allen Pinkerton in August 1861.
• Continued her espionage activities while under house arrest.
• Employed ingenious methods, such as hiding a secret message inside a hair bun, to relay intelligence information.
• May 1862 was released and ostracized from the Union and sent to Richmond, Virginia.
• Toured England and France on a diplomatic mission as a representative of the Confederacy.
• To read several original documents relating to Greenhow, such as letters to
  and from her, at Duke University’s Online Collection.

Antonia Ford Willard (1838 – 1871)

• Spy for the Confederacy based in Virginia.
• Courier for Rose Greenhow.
• Reported on conversations between Union officers quartered in
  her house to General J.E.B. Stuart and Colonel John S. Mosby.
• Before the Second Battle of Manassas (Bull Run), rode 20 miles by carriage and in the rain to warn Stuart about a Union plan to use Confederate colors (flags) to confuse his soldiers.
• Arrested in 1863 and imprisoned for spying and helping Colonel Mosby kidnap General Edwin H. Stoughton.
• Turned-in by Frankie Abel, who, unknown to Willard, was an undercover female agent working for the Union